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Rare dragon-phoenix clay relics found in 4,300-year-old tomb in Inner Mongolia_我的网站

A |     近期，流感高发，据中国疾控中心最新数据，目前流感病毒阳性率持续上升，其中99%以上为甲流。全国多地疾控紧急提醒，要做好个人防护，注意防范呼吸道、肠道传染病。01全国流感病毒阳性率快速上升据中国疾控中心发布的数据显示：哨点医院的门急诊检测阳性病原体主要是流感病毒、人偏肺病毒、鼻病毒；住院严重急性呼吸道感染病例检测阳性病原体主要是流感病毒、肺炎支原体、人偏肺病毒。可见，无论是门急诊病例还是住院严重病例中，流感都是最主要的病原体之一。    

    Tomb M38 at the Zhaizita stone-walled site in North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Photo: Xinhua News AgencyChinese archaeologists have discovered the earliest known pairing of dragon and phoenix clay sculptures in northern China, unearthed from a 4,300-year-old tomb in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, offering fresh insight into the ritual beliefs of the Longshan culture (3000 to 1900 BC), the Xinhua News Agency reported on Wednesday.
The two figurines were placed symmetrically on either side of a skeleton in a rectangular earth-pit tomb at the Zhaizita stone-walled site, a major Longshan culture settlement ­spanning 420,000 square meters in Inner Mongolia's Jungar Banner, Ordos City. 
Radiocarbon dating places the burial at approximately 2300 BC, during the late Neolithic Longshan culture, per Xinhua.
Sun Jinsong, head of the Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the Global Times that the tomb owner was buried lying face-up with limbs extended and head pointing northeast. 
A turquoise-inlaid jade disc rested near the right side of the body's neck. The dragon-shaped clay piece was positioned on the right side of the body, aligned with the head, while the phoenix-shaped piece on the left was rendered as if soaring upward.
Stable isotope analysis of dental enamel collagen revealed a diet based on millet agriculture but with an unusually high intake of animal protein or special food resources. 
"The findings indicate the tomb owner possessed prominent social status and privileged material resources during their lifetime," Sun said.
Sun emphasized the discovery rewrites the timeline of tangible dragon-phoenix symbolism in northern China.
"This is the earliest and most clearly defined dragon-phoenix combination found in northern China so far. It pushes back the materialized representation of dragon and phoenix to the Longshan era," Sun said. "The find provides precious material for studying the spiritual beliefs and funeral concepts of the Longshan people."
Sun added that the discovery underscores the unique contributions of the Hetao region - the great bend of the Yellow River - to early spiritual and cultural creativity in China, supporting the view that Chinese civilization developed through a pattern of unity in diversity.
According to media reports, the Longshan culture is renowned for advanced stone city construction, sophisticated handicraft techniques and mature ritual systems across the Yellow River basin. 
Perched along the Yellow River basin, the Zhaizita stone-walled site ranks among the earliest known stone-enclosed fortress and ceremonial sites in northern China.
。什么是甲流？得了甲流会有哪些症状？家中出现流感患者怎么办？来看解答↓02什么是甲流？甲型流感，简称“甲流”，是由甲型流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒分为甲、乙、丙、丁4型，其中甲型流感传染性最强、最容易发生变异，几乎每次流感大流行都是由甲型流感病毒引起。感染甲流后的主要表现为突然的高热，常有咳嗽、咽喉痛、鼻塞、流涕等呼吸道症状，伴有头痛、肌肉酸痛等全身不适，部分患者会出现胃肠道不适感。03甲流与普通感冒有什么不同？普通感冒由鼻病毒等多种病原体导致，传染性弱，发病没有明显的季节特征，症状表现为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽等，一般不发热或仅有低热，没有全身性症状，5~7天即可自愈，很少有并发症出现。甲流与之相比，甲流传染性强，容易大范围流行，发病季节特征明显。患者表现为高烧、头痛、乏力，并伴有全身肌肉酸痛等。甲流有一定自限性，但容易引起其他并发症，包括肺炎、中耳炎、心肌炎、脑膜炎等严重并发症。04玛巴洛沙韦和奥司他韦有什么区别？因具有抗甲型和乙型流感病毒的作用，很多人将奥司他韦奉为抗流感的“特效药”。奥司他韦的主要作用是什么？能自行服用奥司他韦吗？奥司他韦是一种对甲流和乙流具有抗病毒活性的药物，可抑制病毒从被感染的细胞中释放，减少病毒扩散。专家指出，奥司他韦对其他类型的感冒病毒无效，如出现感冒症状应及时就医，确诊后尽快用药。奥司他韦有不同剂型，包括胶囊颗粒和混悬液，以适应不同年龄段人群，一岁以下婴幼儿仅限使用混悬剂。奥司他韦是处方药，用于预防或治疗甲流时，一定要在医生或药师指导下使用，不建议自行服用。

B | 玛巴洛沙韦与奥司他韦有什么区别？随着流感感染人数增多，抗流感药物的销量近期也持续增长，尤其是一种名为“玛巴洛沙韦”的药品，受到大家追捧。据医生介绍，玛巴洛沙韦作用机制和奥司他韦是不一样的。

C | 玛巴洛沙韦是抑制流感病毒的复制，让体内不再进病毒；奥司他韦是抑制病毒从被感染的细胞中释放，减少病毒扩散。玛巴洛沙韦单次给药后消除半衰期大约需79个小时；奥司他韦血药浓度下降半衰期一般为6~10个小时。玛巴洛沙韦全病程只需要给一次药；奥司他韦需要每天服用两次、连吃五天。目前，玛巴洛沙韦只批准了用于5岁以上、体重在20公斤以上的儿童及成人；奥司他韦胶囊剂和颗粒剂可用于1岁以上儿童及成人，干混悬剂的适用年龄更小，幼儿则按照体重具体计算给药剂量。医生提醒，婴幼儿感染后应优先考虑及时就医，在医生指导下用药，包括妊娠期、哺乳期患者都应优先考虑用药安全问题。05家中出现甲流患者怎么办？建议患者居家休息。尽量单间居住，保持房间通风，减少与共同居住者的接触机会。患者需注意个人卫生。保持良好的呼吸道卫生习惯，咳嗽和打喷嚏时应使用纸巾、毛巾等遮掩口鼻。密切观察患者和家庭成员的健康状况。一旦患者或其他家庭成员出现持续高热，伴有剧烈咳嗽、呼吸困难、神志改变、严重呕吐与腹泻等重症倾向，应及时就医。

D | 尽可能由一名固定的、非流感高危人群的家庭成员照顾患者，近距离接触患者时应佩戴口罩。06预防甲流关键做好这几点做好个人防护 保护环境卫生日常注意保持手卫生和咳嗽礼仪等良好的卫生习惯。在流感流行季，尽量避免去人群聚集场所，避免接触有呼吸道症状的人员。居所定期清洁通风，对门把手、扶手等重点部位定期清洁与消毒。去公共场所或前往医院就诊时，患者及陪护人员要戴口罩，避免交叉感染。

E | 尤其是老年人非必要不去通风不良的公共场所，外出时养成戴口罩的习惯。注意日常营养 坚持健康生活饮食规律，营养到位。充足睡眠，劳逸结合。坚持锻炼，增强体质。心态平和，乐观积极。尽快接种流感疫苗接种流感疫苗是预防和控制流感的主要措施之一。在流感流行季节之前对人群进行流感疫苗预防接种，可以减少接种者感染流感的机会或者减轻流感症状。

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